Oral cancer is a serious disease that can develop in any part of the mouth, such as the lips, tongue, gums, inner cheeks, floor of the mouth, or throat. It occurs when cells grow abnormally and out of control. The biggest risk factors include tobacco (smoking and chewing), alcohol consumption, poor oral hygiene, HPV infection, and excessive sun exposure (for the lips). Oral cancer is quite common in India, especially due to tobacco use. Common symptoms of oral cancer may include a sore (ulcer) that doesn't heal, red or white patches in the mouth, pain or a burning sensation in the mouth, difficulty chewing or swallowing, jaw stiffness, and a voice change. If these symptoms persist for 2-3 weeks, you should consult a doctor immediately. Early diagnosis is crucial. Diagnosis involves clinical examination, biopsy, CT scan, MRI, and PET scan. Treatment depends on the stage of the cancer and may include surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy. If oral cancer is detected early, the success rate of treatment is quite high. Therefore, regular dental checkups, avoiding tobacco, and not ignoring early symptoms are very important.
