Nose and Paranasal Sinus Tumours are abnormal growths that develop in the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses (air-filled spaces around the nose). These tumours can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous) and may affect breathing, smell, and overall sinus function. The exact cause is not always known, but risk factors include long-term exposure to dust, chemicals, wood dust, smoking, and certain occupational hazards. These tumours are relatively rare but require timely diagnosis and treatment. Common symptoms include persistent nasal blockage (often on one side), frequent nosebleeds, reduced sense of smell, facial pain or swelling, headaches, and sometimes vision problems in advanced cases. Symptoms may be mistaken for sinusitis, which can delay diagnosis. Diagnosis involves nasal endoscopy, imaging studies such as CT scan or MRI, and biopsy to confirm the nature of the tumour and determine its extent. Treatment depends on the type, size, and stage of the tumour. It may include endoscopic sinus surgery, open surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches. Minimally invasive endoscopic techniques are often preferred when feasible. Early detection is crucial for better outcomes and preservation of normal nasal and sinus function. Persistent or unusual nasal symptoms should always be evaluated by a specialist.
